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Dissertation Title:
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS TO IMPROVE THE E-GOVERNANCE IN SAUDI ARABIA
Conclusion
Introduction
Saudi Arabia is in process of transitioning itself to e-government. E-government is basically use of internet in public sector. The everyday decision making process of the government encompasses interaction with citizens, not-for-profit organizations and other government agencies. Many government agencies have their own websites although most of them are ineffective. There are inefficiencies and inaccuracy in these websites that needs to be tackled to provide better e-governance. Based on the findings of this study, the Saudis should make many reforms. More and more governments around the world are introducing e-governance as a means for ensuring efficiency, transparency and reliability in the operation of government. Thus e-governance is currently one of the top priorities for the Saudi government. It is essential to take a holistic view of various e-governance initiatives and arrive at common vision for implementing the e-governance project in Saudi Arabia. E-governance can help in ensuring efficiency, reliability and transparency in providing services within the country at affordable costs.
E-government is linked with how effectively ICT can be used for effectively providing government product and services by improving the overall interaction between the government and citizens. Most of the procedures, technologies, and ways of E-governance have been constructed in a western background. Before implementing the e-governance it has to be understood that the cultural infrastructure in Saudi Arabia is fairly different from that of the Western world. Therefore the implementation of the e-governance has to go through various major cultural obstacles. E-governance will clearly redefine the way in which government executes their core responsibilities from managing people and resources used for providing value to the public. In Saudi Arabia, a range of major factors impact on the usage and implementation of E-commerce and E-government. These factors include consumers, government, companies, technical personnel, managing and legal law.
Clearly there are host of technical and socio-cultural barriers that need to be crossed for enabling e-governance in the State. E-governance helps in giving citizens the choice of when and where the citizens can access government information and services. E-government is the tool for implementing e-governance within a country. E-governance can help in enabling transparency as well as efficiency in the various processes of the government. There is wide acceptance of the need for good governance for overall development of Saudi Arabia.[Al-Turki et all,1998] Clearly implementation of e-governance in a time bound manner is essential for the public interest. It is essential to take a holistic view of various e-governance initiatives and arrive at common vision for implementing the e-governance project in Saudi Arabia. E-governance can help in ensuring efficiency, reliability and transparency in providing services within the country at affordable costs.
Previous studies have paid little attention to the organizational aspects of implementing e-governance initiatives particularly to the interrelation between current reality of government administration and the proposed state that will be achieved after implementing the e-governance initiative. Some researchers have focused on developing criteria that can be used to judge the success and failure of a government. There is also some evidence to show that failure of e-governance projects have been due to lack of effective planning in development and implementation of e-governance projects
Various studies point out that for a successful implementation of e-governance there needs to be in place a government-citizen infrastructure. This would help in enabling a more easy and meaningful flow of information between governments and the citizens and thus much better e-governance. This will have two fold benefits, First the citizens can have access to more secure ,timely and effective government services and also help in creating an overall culture of self-service where citizens can work independently to help themselves where and when needed. Also such system helps in making the government more integrated with the needs of the citizens and can focus its resources where they are needed the most. In the age of information and communication technology that we are living in today it is imperative that government take these facts into account and create a simple, responsive and transparent system[Al-Shaikh et al,2002].
Findings and Recommendations
Firstly the focus should be on increasing the awareness of its e-government program among its employees and the public at-large; It is also very important make internet access available in the public at large. Necessary to equip public facilities with internet so as to make the transition to the e-government. To face regulatory and security issues on usage of internet it is very essential to develop legal framework for the same to ensure that all transactions are secure. There is need for having a more flexible approach to implement the technological change .There is an urgent need to provide training to employees. There can be better partnership between the government and private employees. This partnership can ease the process of electronic fund transfer between various agencies. Finally a mechanism has to be developed for having two way communications between the government agencies and also between the government and the public. The ways for providing service s are quickly shifting. The Internet and associated advances in Information Technology (IT) has had a considerable influence in the way the services are delivered to the citizens. The principle of this dissertation has been to produce a study to look at the barriers in development of e- commerce in Saudi Arabia. It was also found that given a choice respondents will prefer doing the transaction through the government portal rather than going personally to do the same transaction. This clearly shows that there is a greater acceptance of internet with changing times and the cultural inertia is giving way to acceptance of the new medium. Based on our analysis we can arrive at the critical factors that will ensure the success of e-governance model. We see that one very important need for implementation of e-governance is the need for the technical infrastructure that can form the basis on which the whole e-governance model will work[Moore et al,1991]. There is a need for more investments to ensure that the technical infrastructure is up to the mark. For that to happen, the support of the top management is needed. The support of the top management would only be there if a clear case is made for e-governance by citing all possible benefits and costs that will accrue by following the e-governance model.
Also there has to be better coordination between the various departmental agencies to ensure speedy implementation of corporate governance. E-governance model has changed the way services are delivered to the citizen[Neuman,2006]. E-governance creates new service delivery channels and brings with it huge benefits such as automating current human-executed process, easing interaction between the government and the citizens and creating new methods of public service delivery[Carvin et al,2004]. Various models have been proposed in different studies to focus on how government and citizen and private sector players can work together to create a model of e-governance implementation that produce best results. There are also challenges that need to be addressed like lack of clear policy and regulation on implementation of e-governance, resistance to change to electronic format, lack of support from top management, lack of skilled personnel for implementing the e-governance model etc[Alsohybe,2007]. There are different perspective from which e-government model could be applied. One perspective would be that government to business( G2B),government to government(G2G),and government to citizen (G2C)[Dodd,2000].One studies points out that e-government should be divided into distinct areas like e-management ,e-governance and e-democracy[Carvin et al,2004]. For developing a model for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) it is essential to understand and take into account the key peculiarities of the region into account[Sharma et al,2003]. It is essential to understand the various political, managerial and social nuances of the region to develop a model that can provide substantial changes and high return on investment.
More and more governments around the world are introducing e-governance as a means for ensuring efficiency, transparency and reliability in the operation of government[Wimmer et al,2001]. Thus e-governance is currently one of the top priorities for the Saudi government. Clearly there are host of technical and socio-cultural barriers that need to be crossed for enabling e-governance in the State[Dodd,2000]. E-governance helps in giving citizens the choice of when and where the citizens can access government information and services. E-government is the tool for implementing e-governance within a country. E-governance can help in enabling transparency as well as efficiency in the various processes of the government. There is wide acceptance of the need for good governance for overall development of Saudi Arabia.[Al-Turki et all,1998] Clearly implementation of e-governance in a time bound manner is essential for the public interest. It is essential to take a holistic view of various e-governance initiatives and arrive at common vision for implementing the e-governance project in Saudi Arabia. E-governance can help in ensuring efficiency, reliability and transparency in providing services within the country at affordable costs[Humphrey et al,2003].
E-governance has been specially helpful in reducing costs for the government and increasing the overall efficiency of services in the public sector[Jackson et all,2001].. E-governance is specially useful for improving the overall accountability, transparency, effectiveness and the efficiency of the government[King et al,1994]. Thus e-governance makes the dream of fast, accountable and responsive governance a reality .E-governance is really important in the present times because the government cannot function in isolation and for a government to operate in an effective manner there should be a community-citizen infrastructure in place [Cohen et al,2003]. This would help in ensuring a smooth flow of information between government and citizens of the nation
The major benefit of using e-governance is that it helps in bring about efficiency gains as the whole process can now be carried at fraction of a cost at much faster pace and thus help in doing more at a lesser cost[Akbulut,2003]. Also the other benefit of e-governance is that of effectiveness as the same output has been produced at a much higher quality Also e-governance helps in implementing governance that is innovative and can help in producing new outputs. Also important to look at the organizational barriers that hinder implementation of the e-governance system[Al-dosari,2004] .One major challenge that has been pointed out is that there is lack of qualified personnel and training .Another important challenge is that there has been resistance to change to electronic format of government.[Tiako,2004] Lack of clear policy and regulation is also one of the major challenges that need to be handled effectively for proper implementation of e-governance[Larpsiri et al,2002]. Also there is lack of collaboration among the major government agencies for implementing e-governance. It must be noted that most of the e-government projects are very huge and costly. Therefore it is necessary to have a long term strategy and vision that can guide the whole project into conclusion[Al-Mousa,2005]. Also need to understand that major barriers to implementation of e-governance are not just technical but also cultural challenges that need to be tackled for guiding the project into successful conclusion [Al-Shaikh et al,2002]. Social and cultural issues need to be tackled in an effective manner so that the project can complete successfully. Need to look into significant social issues of Saudi Arabia in order to achieve the adoption and diffusion of e-government services. It is also necessary to overcome the cultural inertia for implementing e-governance in developing countries[Layton,2007]. Other major step in implementing e-governance initiative is the need for having programs that can promote the benefits and the overall advantages of having a successful e-government system. Promotion and publicity is one of the single most factors for the success of the e-government.[AlRiyadh,2010]
There has to be better coordination between the various departmental agencies to ensure speedy implementation of corporate governance[McClure,2001]. It was also found that given a choice respondents will prefer doing the transaction through the government portal rather than going personally to do the same transaction. This clearly shows that there is a greater acceptance of internet with changing times and the cultural inertia is giving way to acceptance of the new medium[Molla et al,2005]. Based on our analysis we can arrive at the critical factors that will ensure the success of e-governance model. We see that one very important need for implementation of e-governance is the need for the technical infrastructure that can form the basis on which the whole e-governance model will work[Al-Soma,2008]. There is a need for more investments to ensure that the technical infrastructure is up to the mark. For that to happen, the support of the top management is needed. The support of the top management would only be there if a clear case is made for e-governance by citing all possible benefits and costs that will accrue by following the e-governance model[Al-Smmary,2005].