Data Analysis Example of a dissertation

Here is an example of data analysis on the one of the dissertation.

The data analysis example has been done on the questions asked in the interview, this shows you how to draw tables , graphs etc by analyzing the data from the questionnaires.

Questionnaire Analysis and Interpretation

The questionnaire could be accessed through online survey website .The total number of participants for the questionnaire was 120.All the participants were Saudi citizens with a working knowledge of internet. The participants were selected through convenient sampling

Table 1 shows the age profile of the citizens who took the survey

Characteristic

Response

Percentage

Age

< 20

20-30

31-40

>40

3.6

76.6

16.2

3.6

Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the citizens who took part in the questionnaire. We can see that the majority of respondents lie between age group of 20-30 years which totals to around 76.6% of the total number of respondents.5 % of the respondents were below 20 years of age ,29.1% were in the age group of 31-40 and 5.1% were over the age group of 40 years. Most of the respondents were government employees It was also observed that participants were fairly well educated with most of the participants having a bachelors’ degree .

Rank	Challenges	Level of agreement(In percentage)
1	Lack of IT Infrastructure	33.3
2	Resistance to change to Electronic methods	22.5
3	Lack of partnership and collaboration between government agencies	20.7
4	Lack of policy and regulation	18.9
5	Security and Privacy issues	4.5

Almost 33.3 % of respondents feel that it is lack of IT infrastructure that has emerged as a biggest challenge in implementing e-governance. Results indicate that technical barriers have a major impact on development of e-government system in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These barriers are proving to be the biggest hurdle in the ability of the government to provide services through e-portal .Top management support is one of the crucial aspects for implementation of software infrastructure .It is the support of the top mangement in prvoding a conducive environment that decides how succeful an e-government initiative would be. Clearly some of the saudi organizations are suffering from the support of top management which can contribute to an early failure of the e-government project.The solution to this problem lies in building support and creating awareness for the implementation of e-government project.

Another 22.5% of the respondents feel that resistance to change to electronic ways as a major challenge in implementing cultural inertia.Overcoming Culture inertia is one of the important challlenges for implementing e-government.There is need for changing the individual attitude and the organizational culture for implementing the e-government initiative

Also e-government projects are very huge and costly therefore they require partnership and collaboration between government agencies for their succesful completion.Almost 20.7% of the respondents feel that lack of partnership and collaboration is the major reason for failure of e-government initiative.

Lack of policy and regulation is also a major reason why e-government projects fail. For clear policy on the subject there has to be a clear understanding of the costs as well as benefits associated with the project. Only by understanding the costs as well as the benefits that are associated with implementing a e-governance project a case can be made for more investment in the e-governance initiative. It is very essential to understand the cost of e-government service and the traditional equivalent for implementing the service. Therefore it is very necessary to develop a mechanism for measuring and controlling the implementation of the e-governance initiative in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Also there has to be better coordination between the various departmental agencies to ensure speedy implementation of corporate governance. Almost 21 percent of the respondents feel that the major reason for failure of e-governance is lack of coordination among the various departmental agencies. Security didn’t emerge as a major bottleneck in implementation of e-governance. Only 10% stated that major roadblock for implementation of e-governance is security. Almost 70% of the respondents stated that they can trust the transaction done through e-governance portal.

Lack of trained personnel has also emerged as a major reason for delay in implementation of e-government services. Therefore it is necessary for the government to invest more time and money for development of human resource that can successfully undertake the implementation of the e-governance mode. Also it is necessary to measure the service quality of the transaction performed through e-government portal. Quality of service is measured through the overall satisfaction of the consumers that has been evaluated through the questionnaire.42.7% of the respondents feel that their experience in using the e-government services is average. Only 10% of the respondents feel that their experience in using the service has been excellent. There is urgent need to create awareness among the citizens about the e-government services Almost 43.6% of the respondents have rarely used e-government services .Even though there is strong belief among the respondents that internet can reduce the cost of the whole service as said by the 96.3 % of respondents

Also there is shift in the mindset as more and more people are showing preference for the internet medium. In our survey we have seen that 70% of the respondents trust the transaction which is done through e-government portal. Therefore there is a clear change in the mindset of people as more and more people are opening up to concept of internet for accessing the government services. But one thing is clear that people believe in the power of internet to change the way services are delivered. 98.2 % of the respondents agree that internet has the potential to change the way services are delivered

There is strong belief in the power of internet and technology to provide services faster and better.96.3% of the respondents feel that internet provides an easy and convenient way for accessing and delivering the services. Also 97.3% of respondents feel that internet has the power to offer services in faster and efficient way. Therefore there is lot of potential in e-governance as it can transform the way citizens’ access services and improve the efficiency of the services. Therefore there is clearly a change in mindset among the people of Saudi Arabia as they now believe that internet can transform their lives and the way they access various services. This can be seen from the boom of various e-commerce sites in the region.

It was also found that given a choice respondents will prefer doing the transaction through the government portal rather than going personally to do the same transaction. This clearly shows that there is a greater acceptance of internet with changing times and the cultural inertia is giving way to acceptance of the new medium. Based on our analysis we can arrive at the critical factors that will ensure the success of e-governance model. We see that one very important need for implementation of e-governance is the need for the technical infrastructure that can form the basis on which the whole e-governance model will work. There is a need for more investments to ensure that the technical infrastructure is up to the mark. For that to happen, the support of the top management is needed. The support of the top management would only be there if a clear case is made for e-governance by citing all possible benefits and costs that will accrue by following the e-governance model.

Also there has to be better coordination between the various departmental agencies to ensure speedy implementation of corporate governance. Almost 21 percent of the respondents feel that the major reason for failure of e-governance is lack of coordination among the various departmental agencies. Another factor that can ensure success of the e-government services in the region is having better policy and regulation .The policy and regulation will have to deal with the kind of content that is being accessed and how it is accessed.

Conclusion: Data Analysis and Interpretation

We can see that the majority of respondents lie between age group of 20-30 years Most of the respondents were government employees It was also observed that participants were fairly well educated with most of the participants having a bachelors’ degree .

According to the findings there are large number of technical, social and financial barriers that are facing adoption and diffusion of e-government services in Saudi Arabia. Technical barriers: have significant impact on the capability of the government to provide online services and transactions. Poor ICT infrastructure, resistance to change to electronic ways and lack of partnership and collaboration between governments agencies are the major challenges for implementing the e-governance Model in Saudi Arabia. Top management support is one of the crucial aspects for implementation of software infrastructure .It is the support of the top mangement in prvoding a conducive environment that decides how succeful an e-government initiative would be. Clearly some of the saudi organizations are suffering from the support of top management which can contribute to an early failure of the e-government project. Overcoming Culture inertia is one of the important challlenges for implementing e-government.There is need for changing the individual attitude and the organizational culture for implementing the e-government initiative. Lack of policy and regulation is also a major reason why e-government projects fail. Lack of trained personnel has also emerged as a major reason for delay in implementation of e-government services. On a positive side there is shift in the mindset as more and more people are showing preference for the internet medium. In our survey we have seen that 70% of the respondents trust the transaction which is done through e-government portal